… U.S. negotiators working on a global treaty that aims to guide the world’s response whenever a new deadly pathogen emerges have rejected proposals to loosen patent protections, a step that could enable developing countries to quickly make their own versions of the vaccines and drugs. For those countries and their advocates, it’s a striking stance — given what happened after Covid arrived: They shared data about new variants only to see the rich world hoard most of the vaccines. “There’s a contradiction, [an] enormous amount of hypocrisy,” said James Love, director of Knowledge Ecology International, who advocates for wider access to health products, of the Biden administration’s position. Love said the U.S. has used some of the same measures developing countries have proposed to limit intellectual property rights in the production of Covid vaccines at home.
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Poland on Thursday suggested that it might be better to delay the approval of a new World Health Organization (WHO) pandemic accord, beyond the planned May 2024 deadline – so as to get to an “ambitious, clear and consistent” agreement. The Polish trial balloon seemed to break ranks with the drumbeat of recent statements by WHO and other member states that negotiations should conclude this year – even if the present pathway to rapid agreement seems strewn with obstacles – including only a few more planned meetings of WHO member state negotiating teams.
World Trade Organization negotiators have identified several “concepts” that could be the basis for a “viable solution” to the question of what the appeals stage of the dispute settlement system will look like, the facilitator of the reform talks said on Friday, adding that a deal on that issue is possible before the 13th ministerial in one month -- if members work with enough “determination.”
The WTO Appellate Body has been largely defunct since December 2017, as the U.S. has maintained a block on filling vacancies on the body across two administrations, leaving more than 30 appealed disputes in limbo. The fracture of the dispute settlement system sparked a reform effort, which has produced a draft text that identifies a number of procedural and operational improvements to the system, although it does not yet include any outline of a new or reformed appeals stage.
Since it was detected in August 2023, the JN.1 variant of COVID has spread widely. It has become dominant in Australia and around the world, driving the biggest COVID wave seen in many jurisdictions for at least the past year.
India on Tuesday proposed a decision for the World Trade Organization’s 13th ministerial conference that would extend the multilateral work program on e-commerce but, notably, would not also extend the moratorium on imposing customs duties on electronic transmissions.
The “draft ministerial decision” from India, dated Jan. 23, says WTO members “agree to build on the progress since last Ministerial Conference and intensify the work under the Work Programme on Electronic Commerce ... particularly in line with its development dimension.”
“We instruct the General Council to hold periodic reviews based on the reports that may be submitted by the WTO bodies entrusted with the implementation of the Work Programme and report to the next session of the Ministerial Conference,” the proposal adds.
Scholarship on the social determinants of health and disease has become firmly established over the past several decades.
The United States described a four-pronged strategy to accelerate the eradication of polio globally at the WHO Executive Board session on poliomyelitis on Thursday.
No. 1: Halt circulation in Afghanistan, Pakistan
The first action, the U.S. representative said, would be the intensification of efforts to halt the circulation of the wild poliovirus in Afghanistan and Pakistan by the end of December 2024. Synchronised campaigns across borders would be imperative, with the representative noting, “Decisive action now can pave the way for a polio-free future.”
No. 2: Surveillance, campaigns, community engagement
The second action would be closing surveillance gaps, conducting high-quality campaigns and community engagement in the African region, where there continues to be persistent variant polioviruses.
“These are not just strategies; they are indispensable keys to our success in eradicating polio globally,” the representative said.
In a significant decision this week, the WHO Executive Board has set in motion the process to help WHO raise resources through an “Investment Round” later in 2024. This is even as other detailed measures are being put in place for greater transparency and accountability to not only ensure how WHO manages and spends its money, but also how it uses its resources to set priorities. Member states are taking active and serious interest in reforming the way WHO conducts its business. But some stakeholders are also wary whether efficiency in spending could be used as a political tool to tightly circumscribe what WHO can and cannot do.
There is a global lack of preparedness and reactive responses when confronted with emerging epidemic threats, a concerning lack of investment in the R&D vaccine and therapeutics pipeline, and signs of waning focus on pandemic preparedness, according to a new report by the International Pandemic Preparedness Secretariat (IPPS).
By Nirmalya Syam and Muhammad Zaheer Abbas, PhD